Sir Isaac Newton Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait of Isaac Newton (age 46) Born 4 January 1643(1643-01-04) [OS: 25 December 1642] Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth Lincolnshire, England Died 31 March 1727(1727-03-31) (aged 84) [OS: 20 March 1726] Kensington, Middlesex, England Residence England Nationality English Fields physics, mathematics, astronomy, natural philosophy, alchemy, Christian theology Institutions University of Cambridge Royal Society Royal Mint Alma mater Trinity College, Cambridge Academic advisors Isaac Barrow Benjamin Pulleyn Notable students Roger Cotes William Whiston Known for Newtonian mechanics Universal gravitation Infinitesimal calculus Optics Binomial series Newton's method Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica Influences Henry More Polish Brethren Influenced Nicolas Fatio de Duillier John Keill Signature Notes His mother was Hannah Ayscough. His half-niece was Catherine Barton. Sir Isaac Newton PRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727]) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. His Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"; usually called the Principia), published in 1687, is one of the most important scientific books ever written. It lays the groundwork for most of classical mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws, by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation; thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution..